![]() 18, 1944, the Supreme Court issued a unanimous decision that a U.S. At that time, the judge granted the government attorney's motion to dismiss the case, and Purcell immediately filed an appeal. Roche dragged his feet and did not issue a ruling until a year later, on July 3, 1943. Since the outcome of Endo's case would affect the status of more than 70,000 Americans of Japanese descent imprisoned in camps, Northern California Federal District Court Judge Michael J. citizen, had worked for the State of California as a Department of Motor Vehicles employee, had never visited Japan, neither spoke nor read the Japanese language, was a Methodist and even had a brother serving in the U.S. She was considered the ideal person for this case since she was a U.S. Purcell filed a writ of habeas corpus on behalf of Mitsuye Endo on July 12, 1942. These include lawsuits filed by Mitsuye Endo, Gordon Kiyoshi Hirabayashi, Fred Toyosaburo Korematsu and Minoru Yasui.Īttorney James C. ![]() government to deport him.įrom among the others who legally challenged their forced removal and imprisonment, four stand out as landmark cases. At that time, Wakayama told Nakamura he had been forced at gun-point at Tule Lake to renounce his U.S. He had also become a central figure in the controversy over the Japanese Evacuation and Resettlement Study project involving Rosalie Hankey Wax, who admitted turning over information to the FBI that resulted in Wakayama's deportation.Īfter the war, Tetsujiro "Tex" Nakamura visited Wakayama in Japan. However, at the Tule Lake Segregation Center, Wakayama gained notoriety as one of the faction leaders of the Sokuji Kikoku Hoshi Dan, which supported a return to Japan. ![]() Wirin filed Wakayama's lawsuit as a test case on behalf of the Southern California ACLU. Shortly after, Ernest was arrested with several others at Santa Anita for holding alleged secret meetings in the Japanese language in an effort to organize a protest against camp conditions.Ī.L. He filed a writ of habeas corpus in August 1942 while imprisoned at the Santa Anita Assembly Center. citizen, born in the Territory of Hawaii, and a veteran of the First World War. This was the case with Ernest Kinzo and his wife Toki Wakayama. the United States to a number of renunciation lawsuits such as McGrath vs. ![]() These cases ranged from several draft resisters' lawsuits such as Fujii vs. Japanese Americans filed several legal challenges during World War II in an effort to reclaim their constitutional and human rights. ![]()
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